Hydraulic failure + blocked taxiway

복합 상황 두 번째. 유압을 잃으면 활주로 위에 서게 되고(Day 5), 그 순간 내 비상은 끝나지만 공항의 문제는 시작됩니다 — 하필 유일한 평행 유도로가 공사로 닫혀 있다면 더더욱. 오늘의 정석: 착륙 전에 "정지 후 그림"까지 말로 맞춰 두기. 문법은 수단을 말하는 by + -ing.

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1. Scenario

I was the First Officer of HL123, on approach, when a hydraulic system failure left us with limited flaps, weaker brakes, and no nosewheel steering — the Day 5 problem. We declared PAN-PAN and prepared for a flaps-limited landing, knowing we would stop on the runway and need a tow.

But this airport had a second problem waiting: the parallel taxiway was closed for works — we had briefed the NOTAM — which meant a stopped aircraft on the runway would block the airport far longer than usual, and the tug's normal route to reach us did not exist.

So we planned the after-landing picture before we landed. We told approach our full plan early: stopping on the runway, tow required — and then asked the question that mattered: "Given the taxiway closure, where do you want us to end up?" The answer came back quickly: "If able, let it roll to the far end and stop abeam taxiway Echo — the tug will be waiting there." By aiming for that point, we shortened the tow route to the only path still open.

We landed with the fire service standby, let the aircraft roll long, and stopped abeam Echo — twenty metres from the waiting tug. The tow took minutes instead of half an hour, the arrivals behind us had been rebuilt around a known gap, and the runway reopened on schedule.

2. At a Glance

English — A hydraulic failure meant a flaps-limited landing, a stop on the runway, and a tow — while the airport's only parallel taxiway was closed for works, so our stop would block everything and the tug had no normal route. We solved it before landing: told ATC the full plan early, asked where they wanted the aircraft to end up, and aimed our rollout to stop abeam taxiway Echo, where the tug was pre-positioned. The runway reopened on schedule. The rule: your problem ends where the aircraft stops — plan for what happens after that point, before you land.

한국어 — 유압 고장 = 플랩 제한 착륙, 활주로 정지, 견인 — 그런데 이 공항의 유일한 평행 유도로가 공사로 폐쇄 중이라, 우리의 정지는 평소보다 훨씬 오래 공항을 막고 견인차의 정상 경로도 없는 상황이었습니다. 답은 착륙 전에 나왔습니다: 계획을 일찍 전부 말하고, "어디쯤 세워 줄까요?"를 물었죠 — "가능하면 끝까지 굴려 Echo 유도로 옆에 정지하라, 견인차가 거기 대기한다." 그 지점을 목표로 롤아웃해 대기 중인 텅 20미터 앞에 섰고, 견인은 30분 대신 몇 분, 활주로는 예정대로 재개장. 원칙 — 내 문제는 기체가 멈추는 곳에서 끝난다. 그 다음 그림을 착륙 전에 계획하라.

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3. Key Verbs

brief

뜻: 미리 확인·공유하다

• We had briefed the taxiway closure NOTAM.
• The after-landing plan was briefed before the approach.

block

뜻: 막다

• A stopped aircraft would block the airport for long.
• The tug's normal route was blocked by the works.

plan

뜻: 계획하다

• We planned the after-landing picture before landing.
• A tow planned early takes minutes, not half an hour.

roll

뜻: (착륙 후) 굴러가다

• We let the aircraft roll to the far end.
• The rollout was rolled long on purpose.

aim

뜻: (지점을) 겨냥하다

• We aimed to stop abeam taxiway Echo.
• The stop point was aimed, not accidental.

pre-position

뜻: 사전 배치하다

• The tug was pre-positioned at Echo.
• Fire cover was pre-positioned along the runway.

shorten

뜻: 단축하다

• Aiming long shortened the tow route.
• The closure time was shortened by planning.

rebuild

뜻: (흐름을) 다시 짜다

• The arrivals were rebuilt around a known gap.
• The sequence was rebuilt before we ever landed.

reopen

뜻: 재개장하다

• The runway reopened on schedule.
• Nothing reopens on schedule by luck.

coordinate

뜻: 조율하다

• We coordinated the stop point with ATC.
• The tow route was coordinated around the closure.

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4. Key Expressions & Collocations

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5. Vocabulary

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6. Sentence Frames

빈칸만 갈아끼우면 다른 복합·사후계획 시나리오에도 그대로 씁니다.

• We knew we would ____ and need ____. → We knew we would stop on the runway and need a tow.
• The second problem: ____ was closed, so ____. → The second problem: the parallel taxiway was closed, so the tug had no normal route.
• By telling ATC ____ early, we ____. → By telling ATC our plan early, we turned a surprise into a schedule.
• "Given ____, where do you want us to end up?" → "Given the taxiway closure, where do you want us to end up?"
• By aiming for ____, we shortened ____. → By aiming for the far end, we shortened the tow route.

오늘의 표현 포인트 — "Given ____, where do you want us to end up?" 내 비상 너머의 문제를 함께 푸는 질문 — 복합 상황에서 크루의 시야를 보여주는 한 문장입니다.

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7. Common Mistakes → Better Phrasing

한국인이 자주 쓰는 틀리거나 약한 표현을, 시험에서 통하는 표현으로 바꿔 익히세요.

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8. Grammar Point — by + -ing (수단·방법)

"어떻게 해냈는가"를 말하는 틀입니다. 복합 상황의 해결책 서술에 딱 맞아요.

• By telling ATC our plan early, we turned a surprise into a schedule.
• By aiming for the far end, we shortened the tow route.
• By planning the tow before landing, we cut the closure time in half.

핵심: by + 동명사 = "~함으로써". 행동과 효과를 한 문장으로 묶으면, 판단력이 문장 구조에 그대로 드러납니다.

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9. Model Answer — Q1

"What happened to your aircraft? Explain the nature of the incident."

90초 뼈대 — ① 무슨 일(2문장) ② 조치·상호작용(34문장) ③ 결과 + 한 줄(12문장). 아래는 그 뼈대의 예시입니다.

On approach, a hydraulic failure left us with limited flaps, weaker brakes, and no nosewheel steering — we declared PAN-PAN, knowing we would stop on the runway and need a tow. The complication was on the ground: the airport's parallel taxiway was closed for works, so our stop would block the airport far longer than usual.

So we planned the after-landing picture before we landed. We gave approach the full plan early and asked, "Given the taxiway closure, where do you want us to end up?" They asked us, if able, to let the aircraft roll and stop abeam taxiway Echo, where the tug would be waiting — the one point their open route could reach. By aiming for that spot, we shortened the tow to minutes.

We landed with the fire service standing by, stopped abeam Echo next to the waiting tug, and the runway reopened on schedule. Our problem ended where the aircraft stopped — so we had planned for what came after that point.

10. Model Answer — Q2

"How do you think ATC handled the situation? Could it have been handled differently?"

Q2 = ATC 평가로 의견 표현을 익히는 자리. 아래는 한 예시 — 외워서 그대로 쓰지 말고, 시작·마무리 표현은 자유롭게 바꿔 보세요.

They played the after-game as well as we did, and that is rare. The stop point they gave us was clearly thought through — the one spot their remaining route could reach — the tug was already there when we touched down, and instead of hoping the runway would clear quickly, they rebuilt the arrival flow around a known gap. Planning around a fact beats reacting to a surprise, and they chose the fact.

The question I would raise is about the works themselves: closing an airport's only parallel taxiway without a published plan for a disabled aircraft left everyone inventing one on the radio. That plan — tow routes, stop points, who moves what — should exist on paper the day the works begin. Credit that the improvisation was excellent; better still if it had not been an improvisation.

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11. Follow-up Q&A

1. How do line pilots usually handle a combined problem like this? → Fly the failure first, but brief the after-landing picture before landing: where the aircraft stops, who tows it, and by which route. Then say that plan to ATC early, so the airport can build around it instead of react to it.
2. Why did you ask ATC where to stop, instead of just stopping? → Because the answer depended on their ground picture, not ours. They knew which route the tug could still use — the stop point had to come from that.
3. Why let the aircraft roll to the far end instead of stopping early? → Brakes were weaker anyway, and every metre of rollout was a metre of tow saved. Slow and long was both gentler and smarter that day.
4. What changes when the parallel taxiway is closed? → Everything after the stop: tow routes, closure time, and the arrival flow. The failure was the same as Day 5 — the airport made it a different problem.

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12. Shadowing Sentences

각 문장을 3~5번 소리 내어 따라 하세요.

1. A hydraulic failure left us with limited flaps and no nosewheel steering.
2. We knew we would stop on the runway and need a tow.
3. The parallel taxiway was closed for works.
4. We planned the after-landing picture before we landed.
5. We told approach the full plan early.
6. Given the closure, where do you want us to end up?
7. We aimed to stop abeam taxiway Echo.
8. The tug was waiting twenty metres away.
9. The arrivals were rebuilt around a known gap.
10. By planning the tow before landing, we cut the closure time in half.

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다 읽었으면, 위 문장 구조 몇 개를 골라 30초만 직접 말해보세요. 화면에서 녹음하고 ICAO 6영역 채점을 받아보고 싶다면 EPTA Coach에서 1회차를 무료로 열어둡니다.