Hydraulic failure before landing

오늘은 연기·화재(Day 3·4)에서 벗어나 시스템 고장입니다. 유압이 빠지면 플랩·브레이크·노즈휠 조향이 영향을 받아, "착륙은 어떻게, 착륙 후 지상 이동은 어떻게"를 미리 말로 풀어내는 게 핵심이에요. 그래서 오늘 문법은 "앞으로 어떻게 될지"를 말하는 would입니다. declare·request 같은 표현은 어제와 겹치는데, 그건 그대로 익숙해지면 됩니다.

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1. Scenario

I was the First Officer of HL123, a twin-engine aircraft on approach to our destination.

During the approach, an ECAM message indicated a hydraulic system failure. It meant that our flaps would be limited, our braking would be degraded, and our nosewheel steering would not be available for landing.

Our first priority was to fly the aircraft and run the checklist. We extended the landing gear using the alternate, gravity extension, and we prepared for a flaps-limited approach with a higher approach speed and a longer landing distance.

We declared a PAN-PAN, informed ATC, and requested the longest available runway and emergency services standing by as a precaution. Because nosewheel steering would not be available, we briefed that we would stop on the runway after landing and request a tow to the gate.

After landing, we kept the aircraft straight with rudder, stopped on the runway, and requested a tow. We coordinated with the cabin crew and the ground services throughout.

2. 상황 한눈에 (At a glance)

English — During the approach, we had a hydraulic system failure, which can affect the flaps, the brakes, and the nosewheel steering. The flow is: run the checklist → extend the gear by the alternate (gravity) method → plan a flaps-limited approach to the longest runway → after landing, stop on the runway and request a tow, because steering is not available. When the aircraft is still controllable, a PAN-PAN (urgency) is usually enough.

한국어 — 접근 중 유압 계통 고장입니다. 유압은 플랩·브레이크·노즈휠 조향에 영향을 줄 수 있어, 흐름이 체크리스트 → 대체(중력) 방식으로 기어 내림 → 플랩 제한 접근으로 가장 긴 활주로 → 착륙 후 조향 불가라 활주로에 정지하고 견인(tow) 요청으로 갑니다. 항공기가 아직 조종 가능하면 보통 PAN-PAN(긴급)으로 충분합니다.

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3. Key Verbs — 동사 + 예문

lose

뜻: (계통·기능을) 잃다

• We lost one of our hydraulic systems during the approach.
• When a system is lost, several functions can be affected at once.

affect

뜻: 영향을 주다

• The hydraulic failure affected our flaps, brakes, and steering.
• Limited flaps affected our approach speed.

indicate

뜻: 나타내다, 표시하다

• An ECAM message indicated a hydraulic system failure.
• The system indicated low hydraulic pressure.

extend

뜻: (기어를) 내리다, 전개하다

• We extended the landing gear using the alternate extension.
• The gear was extended by gravity.

prepare

뜻: 준비하다

• We prepared for a flaps-limited approach.
• The crew prepared for a longer landing distance.

declare

뜻: 선언하다

• We declared a PAN-PAN and informed ATC.
• The Captain decided to declare an urgency, not a distress.

request

뜻: 요청하다

• We requested the longest available runway.
• We requested a tow to the gate after landing.

maintain

뜻: 유지하다

• We maintained directional control with rudder.
• We maintained a stable approach despite the failure.

stop

뜻: 정지하다

• We stopped the aircraft on the runway after landing.
• We stopped straight ahead and held position.

coordinate

뜻: 협조하다, 조율하다

• We coordinated with the cabin crew and the ground services.
• Good CRM helped us coordinate the tow request.

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4. 핵심 표현·콜로케이션

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5. 상황 어휘 Vocabulary

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6. ⭐ 말하기 좋은 문장 구조 (Sentence Frames)

빈칸만 갈아끼우면 다른 시스템 고장에도 그대로 씁니다.

• An ECAM message indicated a ____. → An ECAM message indicated a hydraulic system failure.
• The failure meant that ____ would be ____. → … that our flaps would be limited and our braking would be degraded.
• We extended the landing gear using ____. → … using the alternate, gravity extension.
• We declared a PAN-PAN and requested ____. → … requested the longest available runway.
• Because ____ would not be available, we ____. → Because nosewheel steering would not be available, we stopped on the runway and requested a tow.

오늘의 표현 포인트 — "Because ____ would not be available, we ____." 잃은 기능을 두고 "그래서 이렇게 하겠다"는 계획을 말하는 틀. 시스템 고장 시나리오 전반에 재사용됩니다.

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7. ❌ 흔한 실수 → ✅ 더 나은 표현

한국인이 자주 쓰는 틀리거나 약한 표현을, 시험에서 통하는 표현으로 바꿔 익히세요.

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8. 오늘의 문법 포인트 — 예상되는 결과는 would

어떤 고장이 "앞으로 어떤 영향을 줄지"를 말할 때 would를 씁니다. Task C의 판단·계획 설명에 자주 나와요.

• Without nosewheel steering, we would not be able to taxi normally.
• The landing distance would be longer with limited flaps.
• We briefed that we would stop on the runway and request a tow.

핵심: 실제로 일어난 사실은 과거(-ed), 예상·계획되는 결과는 would + 동사원형. "그래서 ~일 것이다 / ~하겠다"를 would로 말하면 됩니다.

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9. Model Answer — Q1

"What happened to your aircraft? Explain the nature of the incident."

틀은 자유 — 무슨 일 → 어떻게 대처 → 결과 흐름이면 됩니다.

During the approach, an ECAM message showed a hydraulic system failure. It meant that our flaps would be limited, our braking would be weaker, and our nosewheel steering would not work for landing.

Our first priority was to fly the aircraft and run the checklist. We put the gear down using the alternate, gravity extension, and we set up for a flaps-limited approach, which meant a higher speed and a longer landing distance.

We declared a PAN-PAN, told ATC, and asked for the longest runway, with the emergency services standing by as a precaution. Because we wouldn't have nosewheel steering, we briefed that we'd stop on the runway and ask for a tow to the gate.

After landing, we kept straight with rudder, stopped on the runway, and asked for a tow. By following the checklist and working closely with ATC and the cabin crew, we handled it safely.

10. Model Answer — Q2

"How do you think ATC handled the situation? Could it have been handled differently?"

Q2 = ATC 평가로 의견 표현을 익히는 자리. 아래는 한 예시 — 외워서 그대로 쓰지 말고, 시작·마무리 표현은 자유롭게 바꿔 보세요.

From my point of view, ATC did a solid job. After we declared the PAN-PAN, they gave us vectors and the longest runway, and they kept other traffic clear while we got ready, which gave us time to run the checklist.

One thing they could do better is arrange the tow and the ground crew earlier. We'd told them we would stop on the runway, so having the tug ready sooner would have cleared the runway faster. But in the end, their help let us land and clear the runway safely.

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11. Follow-up Q&A

1. Why did you declare a PAN-PAN instead of a MAYDAY? → The aircraft was still controllable and we had time, so urgency (PAN-PAN) was appropriate. We would have upgraded to a MAYDAY if the situation had become worse.
2. Why did you request the longest available runway? → With limited flaps and degraded braking, the landing distance would be longer, so we wanted the most margin.
3. Why did you stop on the runway and request a tow? → Nosewheel steering was not available, so we could not taxi safely to the gate on our own.
4. What did you brief the cabin crew? → The nature of the failure, our plan to land and stop on the runway, and the possibility of a longer wait before a tow.

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12. Shadowing Sentences

각 문장을 3~5번 소리 내어 따라 하세요.

1. An ECAM message indicated a hydraulic system failure.
2. We lost one of our hydraulic systems during the approach.
3. The failure affected our flaps, brakes, and nosewheel steering.
4. We extended the landing gear using the alternate, gravity extension.
5. We prepared for a flaps-limited approach with a longer landing distance.
6. We declared a PAN-PAN and requested the longest available runway.
7. Because nosewheel steering would not be available, we would stop on the runway.
8. We kept the aircraft straight with rudder after landing.
9. We stopped on the runway and requested a tow to the gate.
10. We coordinated with the cabin crew and the ground services throughout.

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다 읽었으면, 위 문장 구조 몇 개를 골라 30초만 직접 말해보세요. 화면에서 녹음하고 ICAO 6영역 채점을 받아보고 싶다면 EPTA Coach에서 1회차를 무료로 열어둡니다.