TCAS RA during climb

첫 시간입니다. TCAS RA는 가장 표준적이면서도 의외로 많이 틀리는 주제예요. 핵심은 딱 하나 — TCAS RA는 ATC 지시보다 우선입니다. 오늘 문법은 사건을 과거단순으로 잇는 가장 기본 골격이에요.

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1. Scenario

I was the First Officer of HL123, climbing to our cleared level after departure.

While we were climbing through about FL238, TCAS gave us a Traffic Advisory and then a Resolution Advisory, because another aircraft was descending towards our level.

At almost the same time, ATC told us to maintain FL240 — they were holding us below crossing traffic they were sequencing — but the RA told us to climb. We followed the RA, because a TCAS RA has priority over ATC.

The Captain flew the RA guidance, and I told ATC only "HL123, TCAS RA," without asking for anything else, so we did not add to their workload. A few seconds later, TCAS announced "clear of conflict."

We reported clear of conflict, and because the other aircraft was still close, ATC gave us a short heading to re-establish separation before clearing us back onto our route.

2. At a Glance

English — During the climb, TCAS gave us a Resolution Advisory because of conflicting traffic. The key rule is simple: a TCAS RA has priority over ATC — you follow the RA, even if ATC gives a different instruction. So we followed the RA, reported it to ATC, and once we were "clear of conflict" we returned to our assigned level. An RA is usually not a MAYDAY or a PAN-PAN — it is a standard procedure.

한국어 — 상승 중 충돌 위험 항공기 때문에 TCAS가 RA를 띄웠습니다. 핵심 규칙은 단순합니다 — TCAS RA는 ATC 지시보다 우선이라, ATC가 다른 지시를 줘도 RA를 따릅니다. 그래서 RA를 따르고 ATC에 알린 뒤, "clear of conflict"가 되면 배정 고도로 복귀합니다. RA는 보통 MAYDAY/PAN-PAN이 아니라 표준 절차입니다.

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3. Key Verbs

respond

뜻: 대응하다

• We responded to the TCAS Resolution Advisory immediately.
• We told ATC we were responding to a TCAS RA.

follow

뜻: 따르다

• We followed the RA, not the ATC instruction.
• The Captain followed the RA guidance.

prioritize

뜻: 우선시하다

• We prioritized the RA over the ATC instruction.
• We prioritized collision avoidance.

monitor

뜻: 계속 확인하다

• I monitored the flight instruments during the RA.
• We monitored the conflicting traffic on TCAS.

return

뜻: 돌아가다

• We returned to our assigned level.
• After the RA, we returned to our clearance.

resume

뜻: 재개하다

• We resumed normal operations.
• We resumed the climb once we were clear of conflict.

advise

뜻: 알리다

• We advised ATC that we were following a TCAS RA.
• We advised ATC when we were clear of conflict.

resolve

뜻: 해소되다

• The conflict was resolved within a few seconds.
• The situation was resolved without any loss of separation.

confirm

뜻: 확인하다

• We confirmed we were clear of conflict.
• We confirmed our assigned level with ATC.

maintain

뜻: 유지하다

• We maintained situational awareness throughout.
• ATC asked us to maintain FL240.

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4. Key Expressions & Collocations

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5. Vocabulary

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6. Sentence Frames

빈칸만 갈아끼우면 다른 시나리오에도 그대로 씁니다.

• While we were climbing through ____, TCAS gave us a ____. → While we were climbing through FL238, TCAS gave us a Resolution Advisory.
• ATC told us to ____, but the RA told us to ____. → ATC told us to maintain FL240, but the RA told us to climb.
• We followed the ____, because ____. → We followed the RA, because a TCAS RA has priority over ATC.
• Once we were clear of conflict, we ____. → Once we were clear of conflict, we returned to our assigned level.

오늘의 표현 포인트 — "We followed the RA, because a TCAS RA has priority over ATC." 단순히 "따랐다"가 아니라 왜 그렇게 판단했는지를 붙이는 틀. Task C 점수는 여기서 갈립니다.

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7. Common Mistakes → Better Phrasing

한국인이 자주 쓰는 틀리거나 약한 표현을, 시험에서 통하는 표현으로 바꿔 익히세요.

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8. Grammar Point — Past Simple (linking the events)

Task C는 과거 사건 서술이라 과거단순(-ed)이 기본 뼈대입니다. 일이 일어난 순서대로 이으세요.

• TCAS gave us an RA. We followed it. We told ATC.
• We returned to our level and resumed normal operations.

핵심: 규칙동사는 -ed, 불규칙동사만 외우면 됩니다(give → gave, tell → told, take → took). 이것만으로 사건 묘사 골격이 완성돼요.

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9. Model Answer — Q1

"What happened to your aircraft? Explain the nature of the incident."

틀은 자유 — 무슨 일 → 어떻게 대처 → 결과 흐름이면 됩니다.

While we were climbing through about FL238, TCAS gave us a Traffic Advisory and then a Resolution Advisory. Another aircraft was descending towards our level.

At almost the same time, ATC told us to maintain FL240 — they were keeping us below crossing traffic they were sequencing — but the RA told us to climb. We followed the RA, because a TCAS RA has priority over ATC instructions.

The Captain flew the RA guidance, and I told ATC only that we were responding to a TCAS RA, without asking for anything else, so we did not add to their workload. A few seconds later, TCAS announced "clear of conflict."

We reported clear of conflict, and because the other aircraft was still close, ATC gave us a heading to re-establish separation before clearing us back onto our route. The risk was a loss of vertical separation during the climb, but by following the RA straight away and keeping ATC informed, we kept safe separation.

10. Model Answer — Q2

"How do you think ATC handled the situation? Could it have been handled differently?"

Q2 = ATC 평가로 의견 표현을 익히는 자리. 아래는 한 예시 — 외워서 그대로 쓰지 말고, 시작·마무리 표현은 자유롭게 바꿔 보세요.

In general, ATC read the situation exactly right. They had put us at FL240 to keep us below the crossing traffic, and when the RA came they simply let it take priority without adding any conflicting calls — exactly what we needed while we were flying the RA. After we reported clear of conflict, they gave us a heading to re-establish separation from the other aircraft, which was a proactive touch.

I'd have liked earlier traffic information, though — a warning about the descending aircraft before the RA would have given us more time to expect it. But their calm, hands-off handling during the RA, and the quick separation heading afterwards, let us focus on flying safely.

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11. Follow-up Q&A

1. Why follow the RA instead of the ATC instruction? → A TCAS RA is a mandatory instruction for real-time collision avoidance, so it has priority over ATC.
2. What do you report to ATC? → That we are responding to a TCAS RA, and then "clear of conflict" once it is resolved.
3. What does the pilot monitoring do during an RA? → Keep the radio call short — just "HL123, TCAS RA" — and watch the traffic while the pilot flying follows the guidance.
4. What does "clear of conflict" mean? → TCAS is telling us the conflict is over, so we can return to our assigned level.

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12. Shadowing Sentences

각 문장을 3~5번 소리 내어 따라 하세요.

1. While we were climbing, TCAS gave us a Resolution Advisory.
2. Another aircraft was descending towards our level.
3. ATC told us to maintain FL240, but the RA told us to climb.
4. We followed the RA, because a TCAS RA has priority over ATC.
5. The Captain flew the RA guidance.
6. I told ATC we were responding to a TCAS RA.
7. A few seconds later, TCAS announced clear of conflict.
8. We returned to our assigned level.
9. We told ATC we were clear of conflict.
10. We maintained situational awareness throughout.

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