Bird strike after takeoff

이륙 직후 새떼와 충돌입니다. 엔진에 들어가면 진동·추력 상실이 올 수 있어, 계기를 확인하고 필요하면 점검을 위해 복귀합니다. 원인을 "확실히 보진 못했지만 ~였을 것이다"로 말하게 되니, 문법은 과거 추측 must have / might have 예요.

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1. Scenario

I was the First Officer of HL123, just after takeoff, climbing through about 800 feet.

We flew through a flock of birds, and we heard several loud thuds. A moment later, the right engine started to vibrate and the readings became abnormal. We could not see clearly what had happened, but a bird must have been ingested into the engine.

Our first priority was to fly the aircraft and check the engine indications. The vibration was high, so we reduced thrust on that engine to a safe setting and monitored it carefully.

We declared a PAN-PAN and told ATC we had a suspected bird strike. We asked to stay low and level to be gentle on the vibrating engine, and requested the shortest possible return. ATC gave us an immediate base leg for the into-wind runway, held two departures to clear our path, and put the fire service on standby.

We flew a normal approach and landed safely. After landing, we asked the engineers to inspect the engine and the airframe for damage.

2. At a Glance

English — Just after takeoff we flew through a flock of birds and heard loud thuds, then the right engine began to vibrate. A bird must have been ingested. The priorities are to fly the aircraft and check the engine: if it is damaged, reduce thrust, monitor it, and return for an inspection. We declared a PAN-PAN, returned with priority, and had the engine inspected after landing.

한국어 — 이륙 직후 새떼를 통과하며 큰 충격음이 났고, 곧 오른쪽 엔진이 진동했습니다. 새가 엔진에 빨려 들어간 게 분명했어요. 우선순위는 비행 유지와 엔진 확인 — 손상되면 추력을 줄이고 감시하며 점검을 위해 복귀. PAN-PAN을 선언하고 우선권으로 복귀해 착륙 후 엔진을 점검받았습니다.

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3. Key Verbs

strike

뜻: 치다, 충돌하다 (수동: be struck = 맞다)

• A bird struck the right engine on takeoff.
• The aircraft was struck by several birds.

ingest

뜻: (엔진이) 빨아들이다

• A bird was ingested into the engine.
• Engines can be damaged when they ingest birds.

assess

뜻: 판단하다

• We assessed the engine indications first.
• We assessed whether the engine was still usable.

vibrate

뜻: 진동하다

• The right engine started to vibrate.
• It vibrated heavily after the strike.

reduce

뜻: 줄이다

• We reduced thrust on the affected engine.
• We reduced the power to a safe setting.

monitor

뜻: 계속 확인하다

• We monitored the engine carefully.
• We monitored the vibration and temperatures.

declare

뜻: 선언하다

• We declared a PAN-PAN.
• We declared an urgency for a suspected bird strike.

return

뜻: 복귀하다

• We returned for an inspection.
• We requested to return to the departure airport.

inspect

뜻: 점검하다

• The engineers inspected the engine after landing.
• We asked them to inspect the airframe for damage.

continue

뜻: 계속하다

• We did not continue the climb with the vibration.
• We continued to a normal approach once stable.

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4. Key Expressions & Collocations

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5. Vocabulary

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6. Sentence Frames

빈칸만 갈아끼우면 다른 점검·복귀 상황에도 그대로 씁니다.

• Just after takeoff, we flew through ____ and heard ____. → … a flock of birds and heard several loud thuds.
• A ____ must have ____. → A bird must have been ingested into the engine.
• The vibration was high, so we reduced ____ and monitored ____. → … reduced thrust on that engine and monitored it carefully.
• We declared a PAN-PAN and requested to ____. → … requested to return for an inspection.
• After landing, we asked the engineers to inspect ____. → … to inspect the engine and the airframe for damage.

오늘의 표현 포인트 — "A bird must have been ingested into the engine." 직접 못 봤지만 거의 확실한 원인을 must have로 말하는 틀. 원인 추정에 자주 씁니다.

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7. Common Mistakes → Better Phrasing

한국인이 자주 쓰는 틀리거나 약한 표현을, 시험에서 통하는 표현으로 바꿔 익히세요.

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8. Grammar Point — Past Deduction (must have / might have)

직접 보진 못했지만 증거로 원인을 추측할 때 must have / might have / could have + 과거분사를 씁니다.

• A bird must have been ingested into the engine. (거의 확실)
• The vibration might have been caused by a damaged blade. (가능성)
• We could have lost the engine if we had kept full thrust. (일어날 수 있었던 일)

핵심: must have(확신) / might have·could have(가능성) + p.p. 원인이나 결과를 추정해 말할 때 유용합니다.

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9. Model Answer — Q1

"What happened to your aircraft? Explain the nature of the incident."

틀은 자유 — 무슨 일 → 어떻게 대처 → 결과 흐름이면 됩니다.

Just after takeoff, climbing through about 800 feet, we flew through a flock of birds and heard several loud thuds. A moment later, the right engine started to vibrate and the readings became abnormal. We could not see exactly what had happened, but a bird must have been ingested into the engine.

Our first priority was to fly the aircraft and check the engine indications. The vibration was high, so we reduced thrust on that engine to a safe setting and monitored it carefully.

We declared a PAN-PAN and told ATC we had a suspected bird strike. We asked to stay low and level to be gentle on the vibrating engine, and requested the shortest possible return. ATC gave us an immediate base leg for the into-wind runway, held two departures to clear our path, and put the fire service on standby.

We flew a normal approach and landed safely. After landing, we asked the engineers to inspect the engine and the airframe for damage. Looking back, checking the engine first and treating it gently, rather than pushing it, made the difference.

10. Model Answer — Q2

"How do you think ATC handled the situation? Could it have been handled differently?"

Q2 = ATC 평가로 의견 표현을 익히는 자리. 아래는 한 예시 — 외워서 그대로 쓰지 말고, 시작·마무리 표현은 자유롭게 바꿔 보세요.

My honest view is that ATC took good care of us. When we asked to stay low and take the shortest way back to be gentle on the vibrating engine, they gave us an immediate base leg for the into-wind runway and held two departures to clear our path, so we never had to manage a complex routing. They also put the fire service on standby.

If anything, a quick question about whether we wanted an immediate approach or a few extra miles to prepare would have saved a moment's discussion. Even so, their short routing, the held departures, and the fire service on standby made the return simple.

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11. Follow-up Q&A

1. Why did you reduce thrust instead of shutting the engine down? → The engine was still producing some thrust, so we reduced it to a safe setting and monitored it, rather than losing it completely just after takeoff.
2. Why declare a PAN-PAN and not a MAYDAY? → The aircraft was still flying safely on both engines, so it was an urgency. We would upgrade to a MAYDAY if the engine failed.
3. Why return rather than continue? → A suspected bird strike with high vibration needs an engineering inspection, so it is safer to return than to continue a long flight.
4. What did you do after landing? → We asked the engineers to inspect the engine and airframe for damage before the aircraft flew again.

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12. Shadowing Sentences

각 문장을 3~5번 소리 내어 따라 하세요.

1. Just after takeoff, we flew through a flock of birds.
2. We heard several loud thuds.
3. The right engine started to vibrate and the readings became abnormal.
4. A bird must have been ingested into the engine.
5. We reduced thrust on that engine to a safe setting.
6. We monitored the engine carefully.
7. We declared a PAN-PAN for a suspected bird strike.
8. We requested to return for an inspection.
9. ATC gave us an immediate base leg and held two departures.
10. After landing, we asked the engineers to inspect the engine.

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