Severe turbulence encounter

Phase 2 시작 — 기상·운항 판단입니다. 기체가 고장난 게 아니라 바깥 환경 때문에 판단해야 하는 상황이에요. 오늘은 심한 난류 — 핵심은 객실 안전, 속도·고도 조정, PIREP 보고. 문법은 "얼마나 심했는지"를 말하는 so + 형용사 + that 입니다.

---

1. Scenario

I was the First Officer of HL123, in the cruise over mountainous terrain.

Without much warning, we encountered severe turbulence. The aircraft was shaking heavily, and it was difficult to read the instruments. The turbulence was so severe that two passengers who were not seated were slightly injured.

We turned on the seatbelt signs immediately and reduced to the turbulence penetration speed. I told ATC we were in severe turbulence and asked for a block altitude, so we wouldn't bust a level as the aircraft was thrown up and down. They had traffic just above us, so a block wasn't available; instead they gave us a descent to a level where the ride was reported smoother, and when we asked for medical assistance on arrival, they relayed it straight away.

As we descended, the ride became smoother. We gave a PIREP so that other aircraft would know about the turbulence, and the cabin crew checked the cabin and looked after the injured passengers.

2. At a Glance

English — In the cruise we hit severe turbulence with little warning. The priorities are cabin safety and a steady aircraft: seatbelt signs on, slow to the turbulence penetration speed, and ask ATC for a smoother altitude. We also give a PIREP so other crews are warned, and the cabin crew check for injuries. If anyone is hurt, we may need medical help on arrival. A block altitude is worth asking for — and if traffic makes it impossible, a quick descent to a smoother level is the next best thing.

한국어 — 순항 중 예고 없이 심한 난류를 만났습니다. 우선순위는 객실 안전과 안정된 비행 — 좌석벨트 사인 ON, 난류 침투 속도로 감속, ATC에 더 부드러운 고도 요청. 다른 항공기도 알도록 PIREP를 주고, 객실승무원은 부상자를 확인합니다. 다친 사람이 있으면 도착 시 의료 지원이 필요할 수 있어요. 블록 고도를 요청해 볼 가치가 있고 — 트래픽 때문에 안 되면 부드러운 고도로의 신속한 강하가 차선입니다.

---

3. Key Verbs

encounter

뜻: (상황을) 만나다

• We encountered severe turbulence without much warning.
• If we encounter turbulence, we slow down and warn the cabin.

shake

뜻: 흔들리다

• The aircraft shook heavily in the turbulence.
• It was shaking so much that we could hardly read the instruments.

secure

뜻: (안전하게) 고정하다

• The cabin crew secured the cabin.
• We made sure everything was secured before it got worse.

reduce

뜻: 줄이다

• We reduced to the turbulence penetration speed.
• We reduced speed to limit the stress on the aircraft.

request

뜻: 요청하다

• We requested a different altitude for a smoother ride.
• We requested a lower level due to turbulence.

report

뜻: 보고하다

• We reported the turbulence to ATC.
• We reported our position and the severity.

warn

뜻: 경고하다, 알리다

• We gave a PIREP to warn other aircraft.
• We warned the passengers to stay seated.

check

뜻: 확인하다

• The cabin crew checked the cabin for injuries.
• We checked that everyone was strapped in.

ease

뜻: (정도가) 약해지다

• The turbulence eased at the lower level.
• Once it eased, we let the cabin crew move again.

resume

뜻: 재개하다

• We resumed normal service once it was smooth.
• The cabin crew resumed their duties after the turbulence.

---

4. Key Expressions & Collocations

---

5. Vocabulary

---

6. Sentence Frames

빈칸만 갈아끼우면 다른 기상 상황에도 그대로 씁니다.

• Without much warning, we encountered ____. → Without much warning, we encountered severe turbulence.
• It was so ____ that ____. → It was so severe that two passengers were injured.
• We turned on ____ and reduced to ____. → We turned on the seatbelt signs and reduced to the turbulence penetration speed.
• We asked for ____, but it was not available, so ATC ____. → We asked for a block altitude, but it was not available, so ATC gave us a lower level.
• We gave a PIREP so that ____. → We gave a PIREP so that other aircraft would know about the turbulence.

오늘의 표현 포인트 — "It was so severe that ___." 얼마나 심했는지를 결과와 함께 말하는 틀. 기상·정도를 생생하게 전달합니다.

---

7. Common Mistakes → Better Phrasing

한국인이 자주 쓰는 틀리거나 약한 표현을, 시험에서 통하는 표현으로 바꿔 익히세요.

---

8. Grammar Point — Degree & Result (so + adjective + that)

"얼마나 ~했길래 그 결과가 ~했다"는 so + 형용사 + that + 결과로 말합니다.

• The turbulence was so severe that two passengers were injured.
• It was so rough that we could hardly read the instruments.
• The ride was so smooth at the lower level that the cabin crew could move again.

핵심: so + 형용사 + that + 절. 정도와 그로 인한 결과를 한 문장에 담아 생생하게 전달합니다.

---

9. Model Answer — Q1

"What happened to your aircraft? Explain the nature of the incident."

틀은 자유 — 무슨 일 → 어떻게 대처 → 결과 흐름이면 됩니다.

In the cruise over mountainous terrain, we encountered severe turbulence without much warning. The aircraft was shaking heavily, and it was so severe that two passengers who were not seated were slightly injured.

Our priority was cabin safety and a steady aircraft. We turned on the seatbelt signs immediately and reduced to the turbulence penetration speed. I told ATC we were in severe turbulence and asked for a block altitude, so we wouldn't bust a level in the updrafts and downdrafts. They had traffic just above, so instead they gave us a descent to a smoother level, and when we asked for medical assistance on arrival, they relayed it.

As we descended, the ride became smoother. We gave a PIREP so that other aircraft would know about the turbulence, and the cabin crew checked the cabin and looked after the injured passengers.

We arranged for medical staff to meet the aircraft on arrival. By slowing down, changing level, and keeping the cabin informed, we managed the turbulence safely.

10. Model Answer — Q2

"How do you think ATC handled the situation? Could it have been handled differently?"

Q2 = ATC 평가로 의견 표현을 익히는 자리. 아래는 한 예시 — 외워서 그대로 쓰지 말고, 시작·마무리 표현은 자유롭게 바꿔 보세요.

I'd rate ATC's handling as professional. We asked for a block altitude, and although traffic above meant they couldn't give us one, they immediately offered a descent to a smoother level instead and relayed our request for medical assistance. They also passed our PIREP on to other traffic, so the next aircraft were warned before they reached the same area.

Where they could have done more is ride reports — passing on what earlier aircraft had felt in that area would have let us change level before we hit it. Still, once we asked, their response was fast and gave us what we needed.

---

11. Follow-up Q&A

1. Why reduce speed in turbulence? → Flying at the turbulence penetration speed reduces the stress on the aircraft and gives better control in the rough air.
2. Why give a PIREP? → So that ATC and other aircraft know where the turbulence is and can avoid it or prepare for it.
3. What is the first action for the cabin? → Turn on the seatbelt signs and have the cabin crew secure the cabin and sit down.
4. What if passengers are injured? → The cabin crew look after them, and we arrange medical staff to meet the aircraft on arrival.

---

12. Shadowing Sentences

각 문장을 3~5번 소리 내어 따라 하세요.

1. Without much warning, we encountered severe turbulence.
2. The aircraft was shaking heavily.
3. It was so severe that two passengers were injured.
4. We turned on the seatbelt signs immediately.
5. We reduced to the turbulence penetration speed.
6. We asked for a block altitude, but it was not available.
7. ATC gave us a lower level, and the ride became smoother.
8. We gave a PIREP so that other aircraft would know.
9. The cabin crew checked the cabin for injuries.
10. We arranged for medical staff to meet the aircraft.

---

다 읽었으면, 위 문장 구조 몇 개를 골라 30초만 직접 말해보세요. 화면에서 녹음하고 ICAO 6영역 채점을 받아보고 싶다면 EPTA Coach에서 1회차를 무료로 열어둡니다.