Low visibility taxi

짙은 안개 속 지상 이동입니다. 공중보다 지상에서의 작은 착각이 활주로 침입이나 충돌로 이어질 수 있어요. 핵심은 천천히, 위치를 확인하고, 확실하지 않으면 멈추고 묻기. 문법은 "~할 때까지"를 말하는 until 입니다.

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1. Scenario

I was the First Officer of HL123. We were taxiing for departure in thick fog with very low visibility.

We could only see a short distance ahead, so it was hard to be sure of our position on the taxiways. In low visibility, a small mistake can lead to a runway incursion, so we taxied very slowly and carefully.

We requested progressive taxi instructions and asked for a follow-me car to guide us to the runway. Because the ground was busy, ATC held the other traffic and moved us one at a time, and we confirmed each taxiway against the chart and the lit signs as we went.

When we were not completely sure of our position, we held short and did not move until ATC confirmed where we were. We never crossed or entered a runway without an explicit clearance.

With the follow-me car leading, we reached the holding point safely and departed without any confusion.

2. At a Glance

English — Taxiing in thick fog, we could only see a short distance, so being sure of our position was difficult. On the ground, a small error can cause a runway incursion, so the key is to go slowly, confirm position, and stop if unsure. We requested progressive taxi instructions and a follow-me car, confirmed each taxiway, and never entered a runway without an explicit clearance.

한국어 — 짙은 안개 속 지상 이동 — 시야가 짧아 위치 확신이 어려웠습니다. 지상에서는 작은 실수가 활주로 침입으로 이어질 수 있어, 핵심은 천천히·위치 확인·불확실하면 정지. 점진 유도 지시와 follow-me 차량을 요청하고, 유도로마다 확인했으며, 명시적 허가 없이는 활주로에 절대 진입하지 않았습니다.

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3. Key Verbs

taxi

뜻: 지상 활주하다

• We taxied very slowly in the fog.
• We taxied only when we were sure of our position.

request

뜻: 요청하다

• We requested progressive taxi instructions.
• We requested a follow-me car.

confirm

뜻: 확인하다

• We confirmed each taxiway against the chart.
• We confirmed our position before moving.

hold (short)

뜻: 정지·대기하다

• We held short when we were unsure.
• We held until ATC confirmed our position.

verify

뜻: 검증하다

• We verified the signs and markings as we went.
• We verified the taxiway before turning.

proceed

뜻: 진행하다

• We only proceeded when we were sure.
• We did not proceed without a clearance.

follow

뜻: 따라가다

• We followed the follow-me car to the runway.
• We followed the green taxiway lights.

slow (down)

뜻: 천천히 가다

• We slowed right down in the low visibility.
• We kept slowing at each intersection.

cross

뜻: (활주로를) 횡단하다

• We never crossed a runway without a clearance.
• We did not cross the holding point without permission.

monitor

뜻: 계속 확인하다

• We monitored the ground frequency carefully.
• We monitored for other traffic on the taxiways.

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4. Key Expressions & Collocations

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5. Vocabulary

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6. Sentence Frames

빈칸만 갈아끼우면 다른 지상·저시정 상황에도 그대로 씁니다.

• Taxiing in thick fog, we could only see ____. → … we could only see a short distance ahead.
• In low visibility, a small mistake can lead to ____. → … a runway incursion.
• We requested ____ and a follow-me car. → We requested progressive taxi instructions and a follow-me car.
• We held short and did not move until ____. → … until ATC confirmed where we were.
• We never crossed a runway without ____. → … without an explicit clearance.

오늘의 표현 포인트 — "We did not move until ATC confirmed our position." 확실해질 때까지 멈춰 있었다는 걸 until로 말하는 틀. 지상 안전의 핵심 태도입니다.

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7. Common Mistakes → Better Phrasing

한국인이 자주 쓰는 틀리거나 약한 표현을, 시험에서 통하는 표현으로 바꿔 익히세요.

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8. Grammar Point — Time clause (until)

"~할 때까지 (안) 했다"는 until로 말합니다. 멈춰서 기다린 행동을 설명할 때 자주 나와요.

• We did not move until we confirmed our position.
• We held short until ATC cleared us to cross.
• We waited until the follow-me car arrived.

핵심: until + 주어 + 동사 = "~할 때까지". 보통 주절은 부정("did not move … until …")으로 "그 전엔 안 했다"를 강조합니다.

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9. Model Answer — Q1

"What happened to your aircraft? Explain the nature of the incident."

틀은 자유 — 무슨 일 → 어떻게 대처 → 결과 흐름이면 됩니다.

I was taxiing for departure in thick fog with very low visibility. We could only see a short distance ahead, so it was hard to be sure of our position on the taxiways. In low visibility, a small mistake can lead to a runway incursion, so we taxied very slowly and carefully.

We requested progressive taxi instructions and asked for a follow-me car to guide us to the runway. The ground was busy, so ATC moved us one at a time and held the other traffic, and we confirmed each taxiway against the chart and the lit signs as we went.

When we were not completely sure of our position, we held short and did not move until ATC confirmed where we were. We never crossed or entered a runway without an explicit clearance.

With the follow-me car leading, we reached the holding point safely and departed without any confusion. In the end, going slowly, confirming our position, and stopping whenever we were unsure was what kept it safe.

10. Model Answer — Q2

"How do you think ATC handled the situation? Could it have been handled differently?"

Q2 = ATC 평가로 의견 표현을 익히는 자리. 아래는 한 예시 — 외워서 그대로 쓰지 말고, 시작·마무리 표현은 자유롭게 바꿔 보세요.

Generally speaking, the controllers kept us out of trouble. They gave us clear, step-by-step taxi instructions and arranged the follow-me car quickly. Because the ground was busy, they moved us one at a time and held the other traffic, which made a big difference in the fog. They also kept the frequency calm and confirmed our position whenever we were unsure.

If anything, a read-out of our position from the ground surveillance radar would have added another layer of confidence in the fog. At the end of the day, their progressive instructions and the follow-me car kept us clear of the runways.

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11. Follow-up Q&A

1. Why is taxiing in low visibility dangerous? → It is easy to lose track of your position and enter a runway by mistake, which can cause a runway incursion.
2. What is progressive taxi? → ATC gives the taxi instructions step by step, one turn at a time, so you are not relying on seeing the whole route.
3. Why use a follow-me car? → It physically leads you along the correct route, which is much safer than guessing in the fog.
4. What did you do when unsure of your position? → We held short and did not move until ATC confirmed where we were.

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12. Shadowing Sentences

각 문장을 3~5번 소리 내어 따라 하세요.

1. We were taxiing in thick fog with very low visibility.
2. We could only see a short distance ahead.
3. In low visibility, a small mistake can lead to a runway incursion.
4. We requested progressive taxi instructions.
5. We asked for a follow-me car to guide us.
6. We confirmed each taxiway against the chart.
7. We held short when we were unsure.
8. We did not move until ATC confirmed our position.
9. We never crossed a runway without an explicit clearance.
10. We reached the holding point safely and departed.

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다 읽었으면, 위 문장 구조 몇 개를 골라 30초만 직접 말해보세요. 화면에서 녹음하고 ICAO 6영역 채점을 받아보고 싶다면 EPTA Coach에서 1회차를 무료로 열어둡니다.